And I knew that you had no way to defend yourselves, as I had.Īnd as I continued to do the things I did, and to say the things I said, they began to beat me. Then later, as these things began happening to me, I wondered if they were happening to you, and then I knew they must be. And you must know now that what I did, I did originally for myself. What she said appears below.įriends and family…you know I have lived a long time and I have come a long way. Martin Luther King gave his “I Have a Dream” oration.
Wearing her uniform of the French Resistance, of which she was active in World War II, she and Daisy Bates were the only women to address the audience. In 1963, at the age of 57, Baker flew in from France, her adopted homeland, to appear before the largest audience in her career, the 250,000 gathered at the March on Washington.
Yet through much of her later life, Baker became a vocal opponent of segregation and discrimination, often initiating one-woman protests against racial injustice. The speech is widely regarded as a masterpiece of rhetoric and a vital historical document.Josephine Baker is remembered by most people as the flamboyant African American entertainer who earned fame and fortune in Paris in the 1920s. The speech also brought King to greater international attention-he was named Man of the Year by TIME magazine later in 1963, and, in 1964, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Kennedy to continue advancing civil rights legislation. The speech was historically significant because it put political pressure on the administration of then-president John F.
The successes of the Montgomery bus boycott of 19 and the lunch counter sit-ins across America of the early 1960s had directly resulted in the passages of the Civil Rights Acts of 19-but segregation still persisted in America, and voting rights for minorities were still under attack, especially in the South. The march was one of the largest civil rights rallies in American history, and it came at a crucial moment in the decades-long struggle for civil rights. delivered his “I Have a Dream” speech to an audience of over 250,000 people at the March on Washington in August of 1963. King himself admitted to mounting frustrations with going to jail repeatedly and “living every day under the threat of death.” In 1968, on a trip to Memphis, Tennessee, King was assassinated on the balcony of his room at the Lorraine Motel. King continued to lead nonviolent demonstrations, such as the march from Selma to Montgomery-but as progress stalled, radical factions of the civil rights and Black Power movements began to doubt the uses of nonviolence. Following his release from the Birmingham jail and his historic “I Have a Dream” speech at the March on Washington in 1963, King was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his direct influence on the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
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His participation in sit-ins in Atlanta and Birmingham led to his being arrested multiple times-but King always preached nonviolence to those who looked to him as an example of how to fight racism. Following the success of the boycotts, King became a renowned and respected civil rights leader. Having studied nonviolent resistance during his time at seminary, King led his fellow Alabamians in acts of civil disobedience that eventually led to the desegregation of the city’s bus system. In 1955, King-a pastor at the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery-was chosen to lead the Montgomery Bus Boycotts. In Boston, King met and married Coretta Scott, and the two of them returned to Scott’s native Alabama to begin a family. He attended a seminary in Pennsylvania and completed his doctorate at Boston University. Returning home to complete his studies in the South, King graduated from college in 1948 and entered the ministry at his father’s suggestion. Before entering Morehouse College as an undergraduate, King spent time up North, where he was first exposed to integrated churches and restaurants. Even though King was part of a comfortable and tight-knit community, he grew up amid the injustices of segregation. Born in Atlanta to a middle-class family and raised near Atlanta’s “Black Wall Street,” King’s father and grandfather before him were Baptist preachers. was one of the most iconic and influential leaders in the American civil rights movement.